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APA (American Psychological Association) 7th is an author-date referencing style where you have an in-text citation and a related entry in a reference list at the end of your document.
APA 7th - film, television, video or podcast
Mention significant, or relevant, contributors (producer, writer, director etc). For example, if you were quoting the narrator, include the narrator's name.
Reference list
Add a reference list entitled References at the end of your essay, citing all sources used in the body of your writing, except for personal communications.
The reference list should be in alphabetical order by the first author's surname (last name).
The first line of each reference should be aligned with the left margin. Second and subsequent lines should be indented seven spaces (1.27cm).
Film or video
Format
Director (Director). (Year of publication). Title of work [Description]. Production Company.
Note: The author of the film should be credited to the director unless unknown, then credit it to someone in a simliar role.
Example
Foggin, C. (Director). (2019). Fisherman's friends [Film]. Powder Keg Pictures; Fred Films.
Smith, R. (Director). (2003). Winemaking in New Zealand [Film; educational DVD]. University of Auckland.
Part of a Film or video
Format
Writer (Writer), & Director (Director). (Year of publication). Title of chapter [Description]. In Producer (Executive Producer), Title of work. Production Company.
Example
Card, O. S.(Writer), & Hood, G. (Director). (2014). Director's Commentary. In O. S. Card, R. Chartoff, L. Hendee, A. Kurtzman, L. McDonough, & G. Pritzker (Producers), Ender's game [Film; DVD]. Icon Film.
Television series
Format
Writer (Writer), & Director (Director). (Broadcast date). Title of programme [Description]. Production Company.
Example
Casserly, P. (Writer & Director). (2018-2019). Anika Moa unleashed [TV series]. Rogue Productions; NZ on Air.
Note: If the series is still showing, replace the second year with the word "present", e.g., [2017-present].
Television series episode
Format
Writer (Writer), & Director (Director). (Broadcast date). Title of episode (Season No., Episode No.) [Description]. In Producer (Producer), Title of TV series. Production Company.
Example
D. Henry (Narrator). & H. Taylor (Director). (2019, December 8). Logan's run (Season 2019, Episode 38) [TV series episode]. In J. O'Brien (Producer), Hyundai Country Calendar. Television New Zealand (TVNZ).
YouTube video / Streaming video
Format
Author. (Date). Title of Work [Description]. Name of site. https://xxx
Example
Education Scotland. (2016, July 15). Dylan Wiliam: Feeding on learning [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n7Ox5aoZ4ww
Sicoe, V. (2013, May 17). Backstory - all about Eve (behind the scenes documentary) [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a98Bcu55nAM
Walker, R. (2017, January 22). Negative infinity [Video]. Vimeo. https://vimeo.com/200568636
Note: When the Video is available via YouTube, list the owner of the YouTube account as the author to help retrieve the talk.
TED Talk
Format
Author. (Date). Title of talk [Description]. Name of site. https://xxx
Example
Nowinski, C. (2017, November). Can I have your brain? The quest for truth on concussions and CTE [Video]. TED Conferences. https://www.ted.com/talks/
chris_nowinski_can_i_have_your_brain_the_quest_for_truth_on_concussions_and_cte
Note: When the TED Talk comes from the TED website (as above), use the name of the speaker as the author.
TEDx. (2015, June 17). Tame Iti: Mana: The power in knowing who you are [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qeK3SkxrZRI
Note: When the TED Talk is available via YouTube, list the owner of the YouTube account as the author to help retrieve the talk.
Podcast
Format
Host (Host). (Date). Title of work [Description]. Name of site. https://xxx
Example
Rogan, J. (Host). (2009-present). The Joe Rogan Experience [Video podcast]. JRE Podcast. http://podcasts.joerogan.net/
Note: List the host of the podcast as the author. After the title include the type of podcast [audio or video] in square brackets
Podcast episode
Format
Host (Host). (Date). Title of episode (No. Episode number) [Description]. In. Name of Podcast site. Name of site. https://xxx
Example
Kapadia, A. (Host). (2019, September 4). Detours1: Doctor Fake News [Audio podcast episode]. In The documentary podcast. BBC. https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/
play/p07mg34b
Ray, W., & McLachlan, L.-M. (2019, October 14). Te Tiriti o Waitangi (No. 4) [video podcast episode]. In The Aotearoa history show. RNZ. https://www.rnz.co.nz/programmes/the-aotearoa-history-show/story/2018717296/
4-te-tiriti-o-waitangi
Note: List the host of the podcast as the author. After the title include the episode number in brackets if available, e.g., (No. 432), followed by the type of podcast in square brackets, e.g. [audio or video].
In-text citation
When you use another person’s ideas or words in your text include the author’s name and publication date in brackets.
If you use the author’s name as part of a sentence, include the date of publication in brackets.
If there is no year of publication use the abbreviation (n.d.) for no date.
One author
- ... in a recent broadcast (Tennant, 2013). Another view, according to Tennant (2013), was that ...
Note: If you use a Parenthetical Citation the first time, followed by a Narrative Citation, you need to repeat the date.
- In a recent broadcast, Tennant (2013) suggested that ... Another view, according to Tennant, was that ...
Note: If you use a Narrative Citation the first time, followed by another Narrative Citation, you can omit the date. But, if you use a Parenthetical Citation the next time you need to include the date.
Two authors
Use ‘and’ between the contributors' surnames when they form part of the sentence. Use ‘&’ when they are enclosed within parentheses.
- ... in a recent study (Holt & Wilkinson, 2016). Another finding, according to Holt and Wilkinson (2016), was that ...
Note: If you use a Parenthetical Citation the first time, followed by a Narrative Citation, you need to repeat the date.
- In a recent study, Holt and Wilkinson (2016) showed that ... Another finding, according to Holt and Wilkinson, was that ...
Note: If you use a Narrative Citation the first time, followed by another Narrative Citation, you can omit the date. But, if you use a Parenthetical Citation the next time you need to include the date.
Three or more authors
Cite only the surname of the first contributor followed by ‘et al.’
- ... in a recent study (Cole et al., 2010). Another finding, according to Cole et al. (2010), was that ...
Note: If you use a Parenthetical Citation the first time, followed by a Narrative Citation, you need to repeat the date.
- In a recent study, Cole et al. (2010) showed that ... Another finding, according to Cole et al., was that ...
Note: If you use a Narrative Citation the first time, followed by another Narrative Citation, you can omit the date. But, if you use a Parenthetical Citation the next time you need to include the date.
Group as author
Use the the name of the group as it appears in your reference list. However, the Group name can be abbreviated. The first time cite the full name with the abbreviation. Subsequently only use the abbreviation. If the reader could be confused by the abbreviation use the full group name each time.
- ... in a recent study (Education Scotland, 2016). Another finding, according to Education Scotland (2016), was that ...
Note:
If you use a Parenthetical Citation the first time, followed by a Narrative Citation, you need to repeat the date.
- In a recent study, Education Scotland (2016) showed that ... Another finding, according to Education Scotland, was that ...
Note:
If you use a Narrative Citation the first time, followed by another Narrative Citation, you can omit the date. But, if you use a Parenthetical Citation the next time you need to include the date.
Quoting
Direct quotes of less than 40 words require quotation marks and the page number/s. For audio or video recording use the time stamp.
- ... "Maori thought of their identity more in terms of their links with hapu or iwi rather than race" (Ray & McLachlan, 2019, 1.52).
- Hosts, William Ray and Leigh-Marama McLachlan (2019) said that the Treaty of Waitangi had "been neglected physically and politically" (0.11).
See also: more on quoting, including long quotes ...
This material is based on the Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (2020). For further information, please consult the manual directly.
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