APA 6th - scholarly journal article

Format (Electronic)

Author. (Year of publication). Title of article. Name of Publication, volume(issue), page number(s). doi:Digital Object Identifier

Author. (Year of publication). Title of article. Name of Publication, volume(issue), page number(s). Retrieved from homepage (url) of the journal

Format (Print)

Author. (Year of publication). Title of article. Name of Publication, volume(issue), page number(s).

Examples

Baker, L. (2003). The role of parents in motivating struggling readers. Reading & Writing Quarterly, 19(1), 87-106. doi:10.1080/10573560308207

Hoare, K. J. (2014). Children's participation in society is likely to lead to their improved health and wellbeing. New Zealand Medical Journal, 127(1405), 12-14. Retrieved from https://www.nzma.org.nz/journal

Leger, D. (1994). The cost of sleep-related accidents: A report for the National Commission on Sleep Disorders Research. Sleep, 17(1), 84-93.

Format (Electronic)

Author One, Two, Three, Four, Five, Six, & Seven. (Year of publication). Title of article. Name of Publication, volume(issue), page number(s). doi:Digital Object Identifier

Author One, Two, Three, Four, Five, Six, & Seven. (Year of publication). Title of article. Name of Publication, volume(issue), page number(s). Retrieved from homepage (url) of the journal

Format (Print)

Author One, Two, Three, Four, Five, Six, & Seven. (Year of publication). Title of article. Name of Publication, volume(issue), page number(s).

Examples

Garnevska, E., Joseph, H., & Kingi, T. (2014). Development and challenges of cocoa cooperatives in Papua New Guinea: Case of Manus province. Asia Pacific Business Review, 20(3), 419-438. doi:10.1080/13602381.2014.931046

Mauermann, M. L., & Watson, J. C. (2017). A novel treatment for carpal tunnel syndrome? Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 92(8), 1173-1175. doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2017.06.012

Lotoala, F., Breheny, M., Alpass, F., & Henricksen, A. (2014). Health and wellbeing of older Pacific peoples in New Zealand. New Zealand Medical Journal, 127(1407), 27-39. Retrieved from https://www.nzma.org.nz/

Picard, M., Tempere, S., de Revel, G., & Marchand, S. (2015). A sensory study of the ageing bouquet of red Bordeaux wines: A three-step approach for exploring a complex olfactory concept. Food Quality and Preference, 42, 110-122.

List the first six authors' names, insert ellipses (3 full stops), then add the last author.

Format (Electronic)

Author One, Two, Three, Four, Five, Six, ... Last. (Year of publication). Title of article. Name of Publication, volume(issue), page number(s). doi:Digital Object Identifier

Author One, Two, Three, Four, Five, Six, ... Last. (Year of publication). Title of article. Name of Publication, volume(issue), page number(s). Retrieved from homepage (url) of the journal

Format (Print)

Author One, Two, Three, Four, Five, Six, ... Last. (Year of publication). Title of article. Name of Publication, volume(issue), page number(s).

Examples

Anderson, J. M., Anderson, H. M., Archangelsky, S., Bamford, M., Chandra, S., Dettmann, M., . . . Rösler, O. (1999). Patterns of Gondwana plant colonisation and diversification. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 28(1), 145-167. doi:10.1016/S0899-5362(98)00083-9

Shuker, C., Bohm, G., Bramley, D., Frost, S., Galler, D., Hamblin, R., . . . Merry, A. F. (2015). The health quality and safety commission: Making good health care better. New Zealand Medical Journal, 128(1408), 97-109. Retrieved from https://www.nzma.org.nz/journal

Väyrynen, S., Kesälahti, E., Pynninen, T., Siivola, J., Flotskaya, N., Bulanova, S., . . . Afonkina, Y. (2016). Finnish and Russian teachers supporting the development of social skills. European Journal of Teacher Education, 39(4), 437-451. 

Note: Group could be an organisation, association, government department, study group, etc.

Format (Electronic)

Name of Organisation. (Year of publication). Title of article. Name of Publication, volume(issue), page number(s). doi:Digital Object Identifier

Name of Organisation. (Year of publication). Title of article. Name of Publication, volume(issue), page number(s). Retrieved from homepage (url) of the journal

Format (Print)

Author. (Year of publication). Title of article. Name of Publication, volume(issue), page number(s).

Examples

United Nations Development Programme. (1984). Technical co-operation for energy development in developing countries. OPEC Review, 8(2), 171-182. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0076.1984.tb00274.x

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (1994). Zidovudine for the prevention of HIV transmission from mother to infant. MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 43(16), 285-287.

If the author is unknown, place the title in the author position followed by the date of publication.

Format (Electronic)

Title of article. (Year of publication). Name of Publication, volume(issue), page number(s). doi:Digital Object Identifier

Title of article. (Year of publication). Name of Publication, volume(issue), page number(s). Retrieved from homepage (url) of the journal

Format (Print)

Title of article. (Year of publication). Name of Publication, volume(issue), page number(s).

Examples

Chronic pelvic pain in women. (2016). Best Practice Journal, (73), 38-40. Retrieved from http://www.bpac.org.nz/BPJ/

When hiring execs, context matters most. (2017). Harvard Business Review, 95(5), 20-22.

If no doi is available put the url instead - don't forget to update your reference when it is published with the volume, issue and pages.

Format

Author(s). (Year of publication). Title of article. Name of Publication, Advance online publication. doi: Digital Object Identifier

Author(s). (Year of publication). Title of article. Name of Publication, Advance online publication. Retrieved from homepage (url) of the journal

Example

Massi, D., & Laurino, M. (2019). Machine versus man in skin cancer diagnosis. The Lancet Oncology, Advance online publication. doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(19)30391-2

• ... the economic cost of motor vehicle accidents caused by sleepiness (Leger, 1994). Sleep deprivation, according to Ledger (1994), also leads to higher rates of work-related injures.
• In a recent study, Leger (1994) explored the economic cost of sleepiness in accidents. Leger further claims that sleep deprivation leads to higher work-related injuries.

Use ‘&’ between the authors' surnames when they are enclosed within brackets. Use ‘and’ when they form part of the sentence.

• … carpal tunnel syndrome is significantly higher in diabetic patients (Mauermann & Watson, 2017).  Mauermann and Watson (2017) noted that it was a risk factor for both type 1 and 2 diabetics.

• Mauermann and Watson (2017) found that the use of D5W for carpal tunnel syndrome significantly reduced the level of pain. Mauermann and Watson also noted a reduction in patient’s disability scores.

List all surnames in the first citation, but subsequently only the first listed author is used, followed by et al. A comma precedes ‘&’ and ‘and’ when there are three or more authors.

• … in terms of export earnings, the cocoa industry is Papua New Guninea’s third most important sector (Garnevska, Joseph, & Kingi, 2014). A worrying trend noted by Garnevska et al. (2014), was the decline of the cocoa industry in the province of Manus.

• Garnevska, Joseph, and Kingi (2014) found that cocoa cooperatives impacted on the development of rural areas of Papua New Guniea. Garnevska et al. linked cooperative member’s attitudes towards governance and management as one of the key successes to the development of a cooperative.

Cite only the surname of the first author followed by ‘et al.’

• … global environmental events impacted on the evolution of vascular plant patterns (Anderson et al., 1999). Anderson et al. (1999) discovered a clear linking between vascular plant-bearing formations and standard geological time-scale.

• Anderson et al. (1999) discussed the connection of plants changing the ecosystems. Though Anderson et al. acknowledged that the dominant gymnosperm orders are endemic to the Gondwana Kingdom. 

Use the the name of the group as it appears in your reference list. However, the Group name can be abbreviated. The first time cite the full name with the abbreviation. Subsequently only use the abbreviation. If the reader could be confused by the abbreviation use the full group name each time.

• ... the effectiveness of zidovudine in the prevention of human immunodeficiency virus transmission (HIV) from mothers to babies (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 1994). 

 Subsequently cite the name of the group in the abbreviated form.

• CDC (1994) reported that each year about 7000 HIV-infected women give birth and of those 35% have HIV-infected babies.

OR

• United Nations Development Programme (UNDP, 1984) provides assistance to developing countries to help improve their socioeconomic conditions.

 Subsequently cite the name of the group in the abbreviated form.

• UNDP (1984) help to build self-reliance via the financing of technical co-operation and other pre-investment undertakings.

For the title of the article with no author use Title Case and double quotation marks.  For a long title use only the first few words.

• Companies are more successful with leaders whose skills fit the particular challenges of the job (“When Hiring Execs,” 2017).

• The article “When Hiring Execs” (2017) suggests that you ascertain personality attributes, skills and appropriate experiences of executives as leaders before hiring.

 Note: In the reference list use Sentence case i.e. only capitalise the first word of the title, first word of a subtitle or first word after a colon, plus proper nouns.  

Example:

When hiring execs, context matters most. (2017). Harvard Business Review, 95(5), 20-22.